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Continuous Variable QKD takes a different approach to quantum key distribution. Instead of encoding information in discrete quantum states like "this photon is vertically polarized or horizontally polarized," it encodes information in the continuous properties of light waves - amplitude and phase. The advantage: you can use standard telecom equipment like the photodetectors already in fiber optic networks, which detect at room temperature with over 90% efficiency. Single-photon detectors, by contrast, need cryogenic cooling and cost $50,000 each. CV-QKD sacrifices some distance (maxes out around 100km versus 200km+ for single-photon QKD) but gains cost and integration. The security still comes from quantum physics - Heisenberg's uncertainty principle means measuring amplitude disturbs phase and vice versa, so eavesdroppers can't measure without detection.
Cost is what stops quantum security from widespread adoption. If QKD requires $100,000+ in specialized cryogenic equipment per endpoint, only governments and large banks will deploy it. CV-QKD using $500 commercial components opens the market to mid-size enterprises, universities, and broader commercial adoption.
CV-QKD could be the version that brings quantum security to the mainstream. For data center interconnections within a metro area, financial district networks, or campus quantum networks, it provides quantum security at a price point that makes business sense.
Securing high-speed data center links, protecting metro area financial networks, enabling commercial quantum security services, securing telecom infrastructure within cities, quantum-safe 5G backhaul, cost-effective government deployments
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