Entropy (Cryptographic Randomness)

What

Entropy is a fancy word for randomness, but in cryptography it's more specific - it's unpredictable randomness. You can measure it in bits. A perfectly random 256-bit number has 256 bits of entropy. A "random" number generated by a weak algorithm might look random but have only 64 bits of real entropy - meaning an attacker only needs to try 2^64 possibilities, not 2^256. Weak entropy is a silent killer in cryptography. In 2008, Debian had a bug that reduced OpenSSL entropy, making all generated keys predictable - they had to regenerate keys across the internet. In 2013, researchers found they could factor 0.5% of TLS certificates because weak random number generators produced keys sharing prime factors. The gold standard is quantum entropy - true randomness from quantum physics that's fundamentally unpredictable. QNu Labs' Tropos QRNG generates entropy from the arrival time of single photons, which quantum mechanics guarantees is random.

Why

Weak entropy causes about 25% of cryptographic vulnerabilities according to security research. It's particularly dangerous because you can't see it - keys look random but aren't. Virtual machines, containers, and IoT devices are notorious for "entropy starvation" where they don't have good randomness sources.

Impact

Good entropy is non-negotiable for security. Every cryptographic key depends on it. If your random number generator is predictable, it doesn't matter how strong your encryption algorithm is - attackers can guess your keys. Quantum random number generators like Tropos eliminate this entire class of vulnerabilities.

Use Cases

Generating cryptographic keys for TLS/SSL, creating cryptocurrency private keys, producing blockchain nonces and transaction IDs, initializing encryption systems, password salt generation, gaming and lottery systems requiring provable fairness, scientific simulations needing true randomness

Links

https://www.qnulabs.com/tropos-quantum-random-number-generator/ | https://www.qnulabs.com/

Tags

entropy, cryptographic entropy, randomness, true random numbers, QRNG, quantum random number generator, Tropos, random number generation, entropy starvation, predictable keys, TRNG, PRNG, quantum randomness, key generation