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Quantum key distribution originally required dedicated dark fiber - one fiber pair exclusively for QKD, separate from your data traffic. Expensive and impractical for most organizations. Multiplexing fixes this by running QKD and classical data on the same fiber using different wavelengths, like different colored lasers sharing the same glass. Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) uses this principle: QKD runs on wavelengths around 1310nm or in the telecom C-band (1530-1565nm), while data traffic uses other channels. The challenge is preventing classical signal noise from swamping the delicate single-photon quantum signals. Solutions include: careful wavelength filtering, using wavelengths separated by 50+ nm from data channels, intelligent power balancing, and sometimes separate fiber cores in multi-core fiber. QNu Labs' implementations support co-existence with 10/40/100 Gbps data traffic. The business impact: multiplexing reduces QKD deployment costs by 60% or more since you don't need to lease new fiber pairs.
Dedicated dark fiber costs $10,000-50,000 per kilometer per year in metro areas. Multiplexing eliminates this cost, making QKD financially viable for enterprises, not just governments. It also makes existing fiber infrastructure quantum-capable without physical network changes - just add QKD endpoints.
Multiplexing is what makes commercial QKD practical. Banks can add quantum security to existing inter-branch fiber. Telecom companies can offer QKD as a service over their networks. Data centers can secure interconnections without new fiber builds. It transforms QKD from "requires dedicated infrastructure" to "works with what you have."
Metro quantum networks using existing fiber infrastructure, telecom quantum-as-a-service offerings, data center interconnection security without new fiber, bank branch network quantum upgrades, government agency secure communications over shared infrastructure, cost-effective commercial QKD deployment
https://www.qnulabs.com/quantum-key-distribution | https://www.youtube.com/c/QNuLabs
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