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The UK National Cyber Security Centre published comprehensive post-quantum cryptography migration guidance in March 2025, setting a three-phase roadmap for organizations to transition to quantum-resistant encryption by 2035. NCSC's guidance is the first major regulatory jurisdiction worldwide to endorse NIST's standardized PQC algorithms after their August 2024 release. Phase 1 (to 2028): Identify cryptographic services needing upgrades, build migration plans, create cryptographic inventory. Phase 2 (2028-2031): Execute high-priority upgrades, refine plans as PQC standards evolve. Phase 3 (2031-2035): Complete migration for all systems, services, and products. NCSC prioritizes critical national infrastructure including healthcare (NHS), financial services, defense, and government systems. The guidance emphasizes crypto-agility, hybrid approaches (combining classical and PQC), and certified implementations through FIPS 140-3 validation.
The UK faces significant exposure: NHS systems hold lifetime medical records, City of London processes trillions in daily financial transactions, and UK hosts major defense and intelligence infrastructure. NCSC Chief Technical Officer Ollie Whitehouse stated the quantum threat is "not just important, it's essential" to address. The 10-year migration timeline acknowledges complexity while creating urgency - organizations that delay face managing extensive legacy systems with associated risks.
UK becomes global leader in structured PQC migration with clear regulatory expectations. Financial sector (led by FCA collaboration with WEF) has specific quantum security frameworks. NHS prioritizes patient data protection with quantum-safe medical records by 2028-2032. UK defense and intelligence services gain quantum-secure capabilities ahead of adversaries. The phased approach reduces rushed implementation risks and security gaps.
NHS quantum-safe electronic health records and medical devices, City of London financial transaction protection, UK government communications and classified information security, defense and intelligence quantum-resistant systems, critical national infrastructure (energy, water, transport) protection, international Five Eyes intelligence sharing quantum security
https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/whitepaper/quantum-safe-cryptography | https://www.qnulabs.com/ | https://in.linkedin.com/company/qunu-labs-pvt-ltd
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